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Out-of-body experience
An out-of-body experience (OBE or sometimes OOBE) is an experience that typically involves a feeling of floating outside one's body and, in some cases, the feeling of perceiving one's physical body as if from a place outside one's body (autoscopy).
The term ''out-of-body experience'' was introduced in 1943 by George N. M. Tyrrell in his book ''Apparitions'',〔G. N. M. Tyrrell, ''Apparitions'', Gerald Duckworth and Co. Ltd, London, 1943, pp. 149. ISBN 978-1169831537〕 and was adopted by researchers such as Celia Green〔C.E. Green, ''Out-of-the-body Experiences'', Hamish Hamilton, London, 1968. ISBN 978-0345248435〕 and Robert Monroe〔Robert Monroe ''Journeys Out of the Body'', 1971. ISBN 0-385-00861-9〕 as an alternative to belief-centric labels such as "astral projection", "soul travel", or "spirit walking". OBEs can be induced by brain traumas, sensory deprivation, near-death experiences, dissociative and psychedelic drugs, dehydration, sleep, and electrical stimulation of the brain,〔Aspell, Jane; Blanke, Olaf. (2009). (Understanding the out-of-body experience from a neuroscientific perspective ) in ''Psychological Scientific Perspectives on Out of Body and Near Death Experiences'' Psychology Research Progress. New York: Nova Science Publishers. ISBN 978-1607417057〕 among others. It can also be deliberately induced by some.〔Brent, S. B. ( 1979). Deliberately ''induced, premortem, out-of-body experiences: An experimental and theoretical approach''. In B. Kastenbaum (Ed.), ''Between life and death'' (pp. 89- 123). New York: Springer. ISBN 978-0826125408〕 One in ten people have an OBE once, or more commonly, several times in their life.〔Susan Blackmore. (1984). ("A Postal Survey of OBEs and Other Experiences" ).〕
Neuroscientists and psychologists regard OBEs as dissociative experiences arising from different psychological and neurological factors.〔〔Gabbard, G. O., & Twemlow, A. W. (1984). ''With the eyes of the mind: An empirical analysis of out-of-body states''. New York: Praeger Scientific. ISBN 978-0030689260〕〔Leonard Zusne, Warren H. Jones (1989). ''Anomalistic Psychology: A Study of Magical Thinking''. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. ISBN 0-8058-0508-7〕〔〔〔
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